Computer Memory

ROM stands for Read-Only Memory. It is a memory device that is used to stored information permanently during the manufacturing process.ROM stores programs that are required to start a computer, this process is known as bootstrapping or tuning of a computer. ROM is non-volatile in nature as it holds the information even when the power is turned off. It is called read-only memory as we can only read and store the programs on it but cannot write on it. In older ROMs, once data is written on a chip, it cannot be erased or modified. Now, It has the capability to rewrite and erased data. However, data can’t be rewritten or erased as quickly and easily as with RAM. ROM chips are not only used in the computer but also in other electronic items like washing machines, calculators, and microwave ovens . How does ROM work during bootstrapping? ROM holds programs that are needed for operating the computer system and its hardware components such as a keyboard, mouse, printer, etc. ROM contains BI...

The computer has different types of memory, some of which saves its data when the power turns off which is known as Non-volatile memory , and some memory lost its content when power is turn off which is known as volatile memory . Generally, volatile memory tends to be fast, expensive, and have temporary storage. RAM and Cache are examples of volatile memory . Non-volatile memory tends to be slow, inexpensive and has a permanent memory. Hard disk, CD, and DVD are examples of Non-volatile memory. What is RAM? Random Access Memory is a full form of RAM. RAM is the main memory of a computer system. A computer system is not working without RAM. RAM is the temporary storage device where the data, operating system, and application programs are kept which are currently use, so they can be quickly accessed by the processor. It is volatile in nature that means contents are lost when power is switched off. It is more expensive than secondary memory.  It is the fastest memory which means...

Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory is the full form of SDRAM. It synchronized the memory speed with the CPU clock speed so that the memory controller knows the CPU clock cycle. It also keeps data buses continuously busy. In this way, the CPU can execute more instructions at once. It is faster than DRAM. Types Of SDRAM SDRAM technology undergoes a huge amount of development. As a result, a number of memories were introduced in each generation with improved performance over the previous generation. DDR SDRAM The full form of DDR SDRAM is Double Data Rate SDRAM . It is also known as DDR1 SDRAM . It was launched in 2000 but used in 2002. It provides double data transfer speed which means a greater speed than a traditional type of SDRAM memory. This is achieved by transferring data twice per cycle.  The number of contact pins in DDR1 : 184-pin (DIMM), 200-pin (SO-DIMM), and 172-pin (micro DIMM). DDR1 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-SDRAM is a high-performance synchronous dynamic RAM. It was fi...

DRAM is a type of Random Access semiconductor memory that is used to stores data or programs needed by a processor to function. Each bit of the data store on a separate capacitor. It is used in personal computers (PCs), workstations, and servers. How does DRAM work? DRAM memory cell is made of two elements: a transistor and a capacitor . When a bit store in memory, the transistor is used to charge or discharge the capacitor. A charged capacitor represents a logic high(1), while a discharged capacitor represents a logic low(0).  Memory cells are arranged in a two-dimensional grid array of columns known as bitlines and rows known as wordlines . The intersection of a bitline and wordline constitutes the address of the memory cell . During a read or write, the wordline goes high and the transistor connects the capacitor to the bitline. Whatever value is on the bitline '1', it means data store on Capacitor and '0' means data gets retrieved from the capacitor.  There is a ...